Abantu benshi bariko bariyumvira kugura amashini yo gucuruza abaza ikibazo kimwe: Ni bangahe mu vy’ukuri imashini ishobora kuronka amahera ku kwezi? Muri make- bivana n'ibintu bitandukanye. Inyungu ziratandukanye bivanye n’aho iyo mashini iri, ubwoko bw’ibintu, ibiciro vyo gukoresha, n’incuro zo gusanasana. Aho gutekereza ku bintu, ni vyiza gusuzuma amakuru yihariye mu kwerekeza ku bibazo vy’ukuri vy’ibikorwa vy’isi n’imirongo y’inganda.
Iki kiganiro kirasigura ibintu nyamukuru bigira ico bikoze ku nyungu y’ukwezi y’amamashini y’ugucungera kandi kigatanga ingereranyo zibereye zishingiye ku bintu bitandukanye vy’ubudandaji.
Gutahura itandukaniro riri hagati y’inyungu n’inyungu.
Ni vyiza gutandukanya inyungu n’inyungu imbere y’uko umuntu agereranya amafaranga yinjira mu kwezi.
Amafaranga: Amahera yose yaronswe.
Ivyo ni vyo bihembo vyose vyakoreshejwe n’umukiriya.
Inyungu: Amahera asigaye amaze gukura amahera.
Ibiciro bisanzwe birimwo:
Gusubiramwo ibintu
Gucungera canke gusanura
Amashanyarazi
Amafaranga yo gutunganya amahera
Amafaranga y'icumbi canke amakomisiyo (niba bishoboka)
Imashini isaba amadolari 1.000 ku kwezi ntishobora gutuma umuntu agira inyungu y’amadolari 1.000. Mu bihe vyinshi, inyungu z’intangamarara ziva kuri 25% gushika kuri 55%, bivanye n’urugero rw’igicuruzwa.
Ivyiza vy'ukwezi n'ubwoko bw'ahantu
Aho hantu hari ingaruka nyinshi cane ku bijanye n’ingene imashini zikoresha zikora neza. Ibi bikurikira ni urutonde rw'ibibanza rusangi bishingiye ku makuru y'inganda:
| Ubwoko bw'aho hantu | Umukono w'ukwezi | Inyungu y'Inyungu Inyuma y'Ibiciro |
|---|---|---|
| Ibiro bitobito (20–50) | $150–$400 | $50–$150 |
| Ibikorwa vy’akazi (50–150) | $400–$900 | $150–$350 |
| Ibikorwa binini ({0}} abakozi) | $900–$2,500 | $350–$900 |
| Amashure/Amashure | $800–$3,000 | $300–$1,100 |
| Ibibanza vy'ubusaza | $500–$1,800 | $200–$700 |
| Ivyumba / uturere twa bose | $1,000–$5,000 | $400–$2,000 |
Hari imashini zikora neza kuruta izo nzira, ariko igihe kirekire- igihe c'igihe gito ni co gihambaye kuruta - Ijambo ry'igihe gito.
Ubwoko bw’imashini y’ugucungera bigira ico bikoze ku nyungu.
Si amashini yose y’ugucukura atanga amafaranga amwe. Ubwoko butandukanye bw’amamashini na bwo nyene burafise imiterere itandukanye y’ibiciro.
Imashini y'Ivyiyumviro/Ivyiza
Ikimenyetso gisanzwe: 40%–55%
Nk’akarorero: Icupa ryaguzwe ku madolari 0,60 rigurishwa ku madolari 1,25.
Inyungu rusangi y’ukwezi: amadolari 150 gushika ku madolari 750 ku mashini.
Ivyokurya vy'amagara canke ibirungo bishasha
Igiciro kinini c’ugucuruza, ariko ubuzima buragufi.
Inyungu y’inyungu ni 30%–50%.
Inyungu y’ukwezi: amadolari 100–600.
Ivyihariye canke vyinshi - Nhinguzi imashini zo gucuruza (ibikoresho vy'ubuhinga bwa none, ibikinisho, ivy'isuku)
Igiciro kinini c'ugucuruza ku giciro cose
Incuro y'ugugura
Inyungu z’inyungu zishobora kurenga 100%, bivanye n’igicuruzwa.
Inyungu y’ukwezi: $300 gushika ku madolari 2.500, bivanye n’imiduga n’ivyo umuntu asaba.
amashini azunguruka canke imashini zo gushaza
Igiciro gitoyi
Ikoreshwa cane mu bibanza vy’ubudandaji canke mu bibanza vy’imyidagaduro
Inyungu y’ukwezi: amadolari 200 gushika ku madolari 1500.
Ibiciro vyo gukoresha bigira ico bikoze ku nyungu z'ukwezi
Mbere n’amamashini menshi - inyungu arashobora gukora nabi iyo ibiciro bitagenzurwa neza. Ibintu nyamukuru ibiciro birimwo:
Urutonde rw'ibicuruzwa
Muri rusangi, igiciro ni co kintu kinini cane. Uko igiciro c’ibintu kigabanuka, ni ko n’igiciro c’ugucuruza kigenda kigabanuka, ni ko n’inyungu igenda iragwira.
Komisiyo canke ubukode
Hari ahantu hashobora gusaba amahera:
Gukodesha amafaranga (nk’amadolari 50 gushika ku madolari 200 ku kwezi), canke
Ijanisha ry’amahera (mu bisanzwe 10%–25%)
Ivyo biragira ico bikoze ata guca ku ruhande inyungu nyayo yafashwe.
Gucungera no gusanura
Amashini yo muri iki gihe ntasaba gusanurwa kenshi, ariko rimwe na rimwe amafaranga yo gusanasana akwiye gufatwa mu giciro cose.
Igihe co gusubirana
Iyo iyo mashini ishizwe kure y’aho umukoresha aba, igihe c’amavuta n’igihe co gukora bizogabanya inyungu.
Igitigiri c'ibiharuro bishingiye ku bishushanyo vy'ukuri.
Kugira ngo tubone neza neza iciyumviro, ng’iki akarorero koroshe:
Amafaranga y'ukwezi: $1200
Ibiciro vy'ibicuruzwa (45%): $540
Komisiyo y'urubuga (10%): 120
Gucungera + Amafaranga y'Ibikorwa: $40
Inyungu y'ukwezi: $500
Ivyo ni ikigereranyo muri rusangi ku mashini ifise ikibanza ciza.
Uko wokwongera inyungu biciye mu gukoresha no kugenzura
Amamashini yo gukodesha ntiyemerera inyungu. Ingendo zibiri zo gukora zishobora kugira ico zikoze ku ciyumviro ca nyuma:
Gusubiramwo nk'uko vyategekanijwe
Ivyumba vyo kubikamwo ibintu bigabanya ugurisha. Amamashini aguma yuzuye neza igihe kirekire arakora neza cane.
Gukurikirana abagurisha cane
Gukurikirana ibikorwa vy’igicuruzwa bifasha gukuraho buhoro buhoro- guhindura ibintu no kubisubiriza ibintu mu buryo bukenewe cane.
mu gusozera
Imashini imwe ishobora gutanga inyungu kuva ku madolari 50 gushika ku madolari arenga 2.000 ku kwezi, bivanye n’aho iri, ubwoko bw’imashini, uburyo bwo gukoresha, n’ingene ibintu bigenda. Imashini nziza cane z’ubuhinga bwa none zishirwa ahantu h’agaciro kanini- inzira, zisubirwamwo zishingiye ku nyifato nyayo y’ukoresha, kandi ziguma zigumaho.
Ku bariko bariyumvira kwinjira mu bijanye n'imashini y'uguzimya, ibibazo bikwiye si gusa "Ni amahera angahe yoshobora gukora?", ahubwo:
None izoshirwa hehe?
Ni ibintu ibihe bizotanga?
None bizoba vyiza gute mu burongozi?
Hakoreshejwe uburyo bwiza, imashini imwe irashobora gutanga isoko y’inyungu ihamye kandi isubira inyuma.
